Problem statement: The social and cultural areas of Iran have undergone extensive changes during the second Pahlavi era. One of the most important influential indicators in these developments is modernism in the intellectual society system. The formation of a new middle-class in the second Pahlavi period is a sign of modernism achievements. Even the housing types of this social class also reflect their fundamental changes during this period. The present article intends to model the new middle-class housing of the second Pahlavi and suggests new models for contemporary middle-class housing.
Research objective: This research seeks to achieve new middle-class housing rules in the second Pahlavi period by using grammar and develop a variety of design patterns in the housing of today’s middle classes. In this regard, Narmak neighborhood from the middle period and Ekbatan town from the last period of the second Pahlavi were selected as a sample community and were evaluated according to the socio-cultural indicators of housing.
Research method: The basis of this qualitative research method is interpretive history; at the beginning of this article, during a historiographical study, the effect of social classes on the structure of houses has been studied, and then the physical-spatial dimensions of houses have been discussed by the descriptive-analytical method. The method of data analysis in this research is shape grammar. The information required in this research has been collected through field observations, library studies, and documentation.
Conclusion: According to the results of the research, the components of the houses of this period have been influenced by modern Western ideas and architecture and have undergone fundamental changes in comparison with the traditional housing of Tehran. The micro-spaces of the dwellings are reduced to a minimum and follow a basic shape grammar: arrangement of spaces in these houses is based on the location of a basic element. The basic shape was considered to be multipurpose spaces (living and dining areas) and then other spaces were added to the basic shape based on a set of rules. Finally, based on the algorithmic process of shape grammar led to the creation of various patterns for the modern housing design.